FACTS ABOUT ESRD

Risk Factors for Diabetes

Genetic and lifestyle factors contribute to the development of diabetes. Risk factors for Type 2 Diabetes include1:

• being 45 years of age or older

• family history of diabetes

• history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)

• history of pre-diabetes

• overweight or obese status

• physical inactivity

• hypertension (blood pressure value of 140/90 or greater)

• high or abnormal cholesterol (triglyceride level 250 or higher or high density lipoprotein (HDL) value of 35 or lower)

• certain race/ethnic groups: v Black, Non-Hispanic v Hispanic v Asian, Non-Hispanic

v Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, Non-Hispanic v American Indian/Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic

An American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension Cohort Study (AASK Cohort) is a prospective, observational study that is an extension of the AASK Clinical Trial, which investigated the effects of two levels of blood pressure (BP) control and the use of thre antihypertensive durg regimens on the progression of chronic kidney disease. The overall objective of the AASK Cohort Study was to determine prospectively the long-term course of kidney function and risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression in African-Americans with hypertension-related CKD receiving antihypertensive therapy and a low blood pressure goal. A secondary objective was to determine the occurrence of cardiovascular disease and assess its risk factors in the setting of hypertension-related CKD.

Of the 1,094 randomized participants of the AASK Trial, 691 individuals who had not yet reached end-stage renal disease (ESRD) enrolled in the AASK Cohort study. Antihypertensive therapy in the cohort study was largely based on AASK trial phase results and prevailing recommendations. Ramipril, a renin-angiotensin system (RAAS)-blocker, was first-line therapy; if ramipril was not tolerated, an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) was used. Additional drugs were added as needed if the BP goal of <130/80 mm Hg was not achieved with ramipril. The primary renal outcome measure was a composite clinical outcome defined by doubling of serum creatinine, ESRD, or death. Cardiovascular events were also measured as a major outcome of interest. The study found that most participants with hypertensive CKD who were treated with the BP therapy continued to progress during the long term.

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UNITED DIALYSIS FOUNDATION has been launched by Terrance D. Parkman to fill a nurturing void in the ESRD healthcare system community. UNITED DIALYSIS FOUNDATION see a longing need to offer individuals a peace filled outlet, an escape from a stressful environment. We are reaching out to those who are dealing with an illness themselves or caring for an infirmed loved one. Our desire is to supply a Charitable solution for these people to decrease their stress, make them laugh, offer them a peaceful outlet they can access any time of day or night. We will give them a source of hope and love.

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